Civil+War

Do you think more Americans died in World War II? Well….. let me tell you that more than 620,000 died in the Civil War that is more than any other war.
[|Biography] [|James Buchanan], Jr. was the 15th President of the United States (1857–1861), serving immediately prior to the American Civil War. He represented Pennsylvania in the United States Ho use of Representatives and later the Senate, then served as Minister to under President Andrew Jackson. __Who was involved in the civil war? __ Would you like to know some people that were involved with the Civil War? Well here are the people:

==The civil war was fought between the Union states (Northern states) of the United States and the states of the Confederacy (Southern States). ==

Important leaders: ==== Abraham Lincoln, Abraham  Lincoln, a self-taught Illinois lawyer and legislator with a reputation as an eloquent opponent of slavery, shocked many when he overcame several more prominent contenders to win the Republican Party’s nomination for president in 1860. Edwin M. S tanton, Edwin McMasters Stanton (1814-1869) was a lawyer and politician  who served as Abraham Lincoln’s secretary of war during the Civil War (1861-65) Ulysses S. Grant, Ulysses Grant (1822-1885) commanded the William T. Sherman, victorious Union army during the American Civil War (1861-1865) and served as the 18th U.S. president from 1869 to 1877. Perhaps the originator and the first practitioner of what the twentieth century came to know as “total war,” William Tecumseh Sherman in 1864 commanded the Union armies of the West in the decisive drive from Chattanooga to Atlanta and the famous “march to the sea” across Georgia. David Farragut, <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #101010; font-family: 'Open Sans',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">David Farragut (1801-70) was an accomplished U.S. naval officer, who received great acclaim for his service to the Union during the American Civil War (1861-65). <span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #4d4d4d; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 20px;">David D. Porte <span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #4d4d4d; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 20px; line-height: 1.5;">r, David Dixon Porter was the son of Captain David Porter, a naval hero in the War of 1812. Born in 1813, in Chester, Pennsylvania, he received little formal education, but at an early age accompanied his father on cruises. He joined the Mexican navy before returning to the United States in 1829 to receive an appointment as midshipman in the American navy. <span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #4d4d4d; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 20px;">Jefferson Davis, <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #101010; font-family: 'Open Sans',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">Jefferson Davis (1808-1889) was a Mexican War hero, U.S. senator from Mississippi, U.S. secretary of war and president of the Confederate States of America for the duration of the American Civil War (1861-1865). <span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #4d4d4d; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 20px;">Judah P. Benjamin, <span style="background-color: #f1f1ea; color: #0c0707; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 19px;">Benjamin became a representative in the Louisiana state legislature in 1842, and was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1852. While there, he became a close friend of Jefferson Davis, who was then a Mississippi senator. Benjamin resigned during the secession crisis of 1860 and 1861, even before Louisiana officially left the Union.

<span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #4d4d4d; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 20px;">Robert E. Lee, <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #101010; font-family: 'Open Sans',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">Robert E. Lee (1807-70) served as a military officer in the U.S. Army, a West Point commandant and the legendary general of the Confederate Army during the American Civil War (1861-65). In June 1861, Lee assumed command of the Army of Northern Virginia, which he would lead for the rest of the war.

<span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #4d4d4d; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 20px;">Joseph E. Johnston, <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #101010; font-family: 'Open Sans',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">Joseph E. Johnston (1807-1891) was a U.S. military officer who served as a Confederate general during the Civil War (1861-65). A veteran of the Mexican-American War (1846-48), Johnston entered the Civil War as one of the South’s senior officers and was appointed a full general.

<span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #4d4d4d; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 20px;">Raphael Semmes, Raphael Semmes was born on September 27, 1809 in Charles County, Maryland. He was born into a family of servicemen as he was cousins with Confederate general Paul Jones Semmes and Union Navy captain Alexander Alderman Semmes. Raphael Semmes began his military career in 1826 when he entered the United States Navy as a midshipman upon graduating from the Charlotte Hall Military Academy.

<span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #4d4d4d; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 20px;">Josiah Tattn <span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #4d4d4d; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 20px; line-height: 1.5;">all, Josiah Tattnall was a long-serving American [|naval] officer and a noteworthy figure during the [|Civil War](1861-65). He was born at Bonaventure Plantation, near [|Savannah], on November 9, 1795, to Harriet Fenwick and [|Josiah Tattnall], a Georgia senator and [|governor].in 1803, Tattnall was sent to live with his paternal grandfather in England for schooling.

Approximately [|620,000 soldiers died] from combat, accident, starvation, and disease during the Civil War. This number comes from an 1889 study of the war performed by William F. Fox and Thomas Leonard Livermore. Both men fought for the Union. Their estimate is derived from an exhaustive study of the combat and casualty records generated by the armies over five years of fighting. A [|recent study] puts the number of dead as high as 850,000.Roughly 1,264,000 American soldiers have died in the nation's wars--620,000 in the Civil War and 644,000 in all other conflicts. It was only as recently as the Vietnam War that the amount of American deaths in foreign wars eclipsed the number who died in the Civil War =__Why was the civil war started__= <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #101010; font-family: Arial; font-size: 19px; vertical-align: baseline;">When Abraham Lincoln was elected to be the 16th president of the United States that is when the first state ,South Carolina, separated from the country and other southern states followed. Lincoln was worried about this and tried to make them come back but the confederates didn't like Lincolns way of running the country. After the attack on Fort Sumter,the war began.

__**<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #101010; font-family: Arial; font-size: 19px; line-height: 0px; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: baseline;">When did the war start **__ Immediately after the attack from the Confederates on the Union soldiers the war began. From April 12, 1861 to April 9, 1865. That's four years of fighting and destroying states! __** How did the war start **__ Some p eople think that[| slavery started the war], which is a reason, but actually the war began when the Confederates bombarded Union soldiers at Fort Sumter, South Carolina on April 12, 1861. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: verdana,arial; font-size: medium;">Before New-Year's day, 1861, South Carolina had passed an ordinance of secession and set up as an independent power. Other States followed,--Georgia, Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas. The northern range of slave States as yet refused to follow this example, and did not do so until after war had actually broken out.And so America divided its self from the north and south A common assumption to explain the cause of the American Civil War was that the North was no longer willing to tolerate slavery as being part of the fabric of US society and that the political power brokers in Washington were planning to abolish slavery throughout the Union. Therefore for many people slavery is the key issue to explain the causes of the American Civil War. However, it is not as simple as this and slavery, while a major issue, was not the only issue that pushed American into the ‘Great American Tragedy’. By April 1861, slavery had become inextricably entwined with state rights, the power of the federal government over the states, the South’s ‘way of life’ etc. – all of which made a major contribution to the causes of the American Civil War. By 1860 America could not be seen as being a homogeneous society. Clearly defined areas could be identified that had different outlooks and different values. This was later to be seen in the North versus South divide that created the two sides in the war. The Civil War was also known as the the War Between the States. The Civil War was fought between the United States of America and the Confederated States of America. While the war was still going on, the eleven Southern States left to form their own country so they can protect the institution of slavery. Finally in 1836 the United States defeated the Confederate States and abolished slavery nation-wide.
 * __ What started the civil war __**



History has recorded American Civil War Battles, some large, many small, in the following states: [ [|American Civil War - Battles, Facts & Pictures - History.com] ] Alabama, Arkansas, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, New Mexico, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia. [|Civil War Travel] .Virginia had the most battles of any state. [|Civil War Facts] [|Where was] [|the Civil War fought? | American Civil War Forums ...] [|Monitor 150th Anniversary] [|Civil War Facts] [|A Brief Overview of the American Civil War]
 * __ [|Where was the Civil War] __**

=__Beginning of the Civil War__=

In the beginning of the war the Northern States combined the population of 22 million of people. The Southern states had a combined population of about 9 million. This disparity was reflected in the size of the armies in the field. The Union forces outnumbered the Confederates roughly two to one.The war began when Confederate warships bombarded Union soldiers at [|Fort Sumter], South Carolina on April 12, 1861. The war ended in Spring, 1865. [|Robert E. Lee] surrendered the last major Confederate army to [|Ulysses S. Grant] at [|Appomattox Courthouse] on April 9, 1865. The last battle was fought at [|Palmito Ranch], Texas, on May 13, 1865. Click [|here] for a Civil War timeline. <span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;">The First Battle of the Civil war was the battle of Bull Run. On July 21, 1861, Union troop started march for Richmond. While <span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium; line-height: 1.5;"> they were going there they met Confederate forces at Bull Run. At first, the Union troops broke Confederate battle lines. Union troops start to act over-proud. Then Stonewall Jackson rallied some troops. At the end it was the Union troops who ran away. This battle showed both sides that the soldiers needed more training and that is war was going to be long and would take a lot of lives <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;">Early in the war, the blockade was formed and the ships that came through were quick, little ships called <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;">"blockade runners" and they brought all kinds of goods to South. But soon the blockade got better and the demand for supplies got great. So the Confederate took an abandoned Union ship and put iron plates all over it (this kind of ship is called an ironclad) and called it the //Virginia.// They tried to use this ship to brake up the blockade and on its first day it sank 2 Unions ships and made three others go to shore. So the Union made its own ironclad, the //Monitor//. One day these two ships battled each other in the waters near the Hampton Roads, Virginia. No ship was seriously damaged because cannon balls just bounced off the ships, so both ships left. =__Middle of the Civil War__= <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;">In 1862, when the law that forbade African-Americans to join the Union Amry was repealed, free African-Amercans and escaped slaves joined the Amry. The Amry sent African-Americans to all-black units, commanded by a white officers. At first, African-American soldiers did only work like building roads and keeping guard of supplies. Soon African-American troops were fighting battles againist the Confederates. About 200,000 African-Americans had fought for the Union but almost 40,000 died for the cause. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> The __54th Massachusetts Regiment__ is one of the most remembered of the African-American troops. They led an attack on Fort Wagner ,around Charlestown, South Carolina. They fought their way into the fort but had to withdraw. Almost half the Regiment died and the Fort was never captured. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;">After those to terrible loses at Fredricksburg and Chancellorville, the north was to exited about the war. But in the Summer of 1863 there were victories in the East and in the West. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> The Union troops were still in the fight for the Mississippi. They had almost all the Mississippi, expect Vicksberg. Again and Again the Union attacked Vicksberg, under the command of Grant. Than Grant thought of an idea. He would send his troops inland and attack Jackson, Mississippi, then go westward and attack Vicksberg in the rear. He did this and in about six weeks, on July 4, 1863, the Confedates at Vicksberg surrended. On July 9, 1863 Union Troops captured Fort Hudson, Louisiana.

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> After the fall of Vicksberg the Union had another victory. Lee thought that he should try to fight in the north again. So he thought he should go into Pennsylvania and if he did what he need to do in Pennsylvania he would get the Yankees (Northerns) by surprise. On June 30, 1863, the Union troops met a part of Lee's army at a town called Gettysburg. Right away Union and Confederate forces called for more troops. On the first day, July 1, the Confederate troops drove the Union troops out of Gettysbury but the Union troops get in a good position on a place called Cemetery Ridge, which is ontop of a hill. So on the next day, Lee ordered his troops to try to get the Union troops out of Cemetery Ridge. Since the Union troops were at a strong position they just killed the Confederate soldiers and the Confederate failed their mission in trying to get them off Cemetery Ridge. On the thrid day, Lee wanted one more try to get those Union troops, so he asked General Geogre Pickett to lead 15,000 men to try. This was called Pickett's charge. It didn't work because Confederate troops would have to walk a long and then climb up the hill to get them and many Confederate soldiers died. On these three days many soldiers died.

**__ Deadly Battles of the Civil War __** __** Battle of Fort Donelson **__ __** What started the War **__ >
 * Total deaths/injuries - 17,398
 * Union States deaths/injuries - 2,331
 * Confederate States deaths/injuries - 15,067
 * Started February 11-16 1862
 * On February 13, 1862, one of Ulysses Grant’s officers, Brigadier General John McClernand, initiated the battle of Fort Donelson when he tried unsuccessfully to capture a rebel battery along the Fort’s outer works.
 * The Union states won

__** [|Battle of Shiloh] **__
 * Total deaths/injuries - 23,741
 * Union States deaths/injuries - 13.047
 * Confederate States deaths/injures - 10,694
 * Started April 6-7 1862
 * Also known as The Battle of Pittsburgh
 * __ What started the war __**
 * The battle began when the Confederate states launched a surprise attack on Union forces under General Ulysses S. Grant in southwestern Tennessee
 * The Union States won


 * __ Battle of Gettysburg __**
 * Total deaths/ injuries - 51,000
 * Confederate states deaths/injuries - 28,000
 * Union states deaths/injuries - 23,000
 * Started July 1-3 1863
 * __ What started the war __**
 * Confederate General Robert E. Lee's soldiers crossed the Potomac River in Virginia and began to march toward the Susquehanna in Pennsylvania, with thoughts that a victory in the north erode the Union's will continue to fight
 * The Union states won

=__End of the Civil War__= <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;">After Grant great battle at Vicksberg and Lincoln going though so many Generals, Lincoln thought that Grant should be the one to lead the Union troops. Grant took the position and what he did was that he waged total war on the South. He said to destroy every thing that could be useful to the enemy, and the troops obeyed. Like __General Philip Sheridan__ and __General William Tecumseh Sherman__ they destroyed farms, railroads, animals, homes, and bridge, anything that was useful to the Confederacy they destroyed. Soon Grant went after Richmond, the capital of the Confederacy. These terrible battles that were happening were killing so many soldiers but Grant knew that the Union could replace soldiers and supplies but the Confederacy could not. Soon Lee was in Peterburg and Grant lay seige of Petersburg for nine months and on April 2, 1865 Petersburg was for Grant and on that same day Richmond fell. Lee and his army tried to run away to this town called Appomattox Court House but Union troops trapped them there and the Confederates knew if they fought they would be dead meat. And on April 9, 1865, Lee surrender.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium; line-height: 1.5;">About 360,000 Union soldiers died and about 250,000 Confederate soldiers died. This war cost about 20 billion dollars and that was the most money the Federal Government untill then. Now, we refered to the Nation as the United States and not These United States the thought of even seceded was now far from anybodies mind. Also Slavery is now illegal and that meant there was all of the sudden a new group of people called freedmen. So now the debate of if slavery was right or wrong, good or bad, allowed in some places and not in others, was over and they didn't have to worry about it. The Northern armies were victorious, and the rebellious states returned to the Union. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">The Union troops were still in the fight for the Mississippi. They had almost all the Mississippi, expect Vicksberg. Again and Again the Union attacked Vicksburg, under the command of Grant. Than Grant thought of an idea. He would send his troops inland and attack Jackson, Mississippi, then go westward and attack Vicksburg in the rear. He did this and in about six weeks, on July 4, 1863, the Confederates at Vicksburg surrendered. On July 9, 1863 Union Troops captured Fort Hudson, Louisiana.

=__Sources__= __www.civilwar.org__ __www.history.com__