Anne+Frank

Anne had a very good relationship with her sister, although their personalities were polar opposites. Anne was very outgoing, energetic and extraverted, while Margot was quiet, dedicated to her __studies__ and introverted. The __next__ few years in the Netherlands were relatively quiet, but the Franks kept hearing stories from __friends__ in Germany about the deteriorating conditions for the Jewish population. Otto Frank established a second company in June 1938 with Herman Van Pels, whose family would __join__ the Franks in their hiding place. The Van Pels had also fled Germany in 1938 because of the escalating anti-Semitism. The escalating anti-Semitism also became evident in the Netherlands, and in May 1940, the Germans invaded the Netherlands, and immediately began to impose restrictions on the Jewish population. The restrictions included the __registration__ of all Jews, segregation into Jewish __schools__, and the requirement that Jews wear a __yellow__ star to distinguish them from other citizens. In 1941, Anne started to attend the Jewish Lyceum, and had to leave many of her __friends__ behind, and was discouraged to talk to them. The discriminatory laws __continued__ to get worse over the __course__ of the __next__ year. Anne experienced a brief period of happiness when she turned 13 on June 12, 1942. Anne received a red, blue, and white plaid __autograph book__ from her father, which she decided to use as a diary. In July 1942, Margot received a notice to report for transportation to a Jewish __work__ camp. Otto Frank then informed Anne of their plan to hide in the __rooms__ behind Otto’s office at 263 Prinsengracht. This plan had to be moved up a few weeks so that Margot would not be forced to go to the camp. The Franks moved into the Secret Annex on the morning of July 6, 1942. According to Anne, she had to squeeze into two __vests__, three pairs of pants, a dress, a skirt, a jacket, a summer coat, two pairs of __stockings__, lace-up shoes, a woolly cap, and a __scarf__ before leaving for the Secret Annex because if the Franks had __suitcases__, they would look very suspicious. The Franks were eventually joined by four others in their hiding place: the Van Pels family and Fritz Pfeffer (the __family dentist__ and friend). Anne recorded the most intimate __details__ of daily life during her two-year stay in the Secret Annex, and conveyed her fear of being discovered almost daily. The members of the Secret Annexe passed time reading and studying. Anne wrote almost daily in her diary until her __last__ diary entry on August __1__, 1944. Three days later on August 4, 1944, the Franks, Van Pels, and Mr. Pfeffer were discovered and arrested by the Gestapo. They were then sent on to concentration camps. All members of the Secret Annex except Otto Frank died in the camps. It is believed that Anne died of typhus in February or March 1945. When Otto Frank returned to Amsterdam, he was given Anne’s diary that had been forgotten when the Gestapo came. The diary was first published in German in 1947, and then published in America in 1952. Several films and documentaries have also been made about Anne’s experience in the Secret Annex. Eleanor Roosevelt wrote the introduction to the diary’s American edition, and described the diary as "one of the wisest and most moving commentaries on war and its impact on human beings that I have ever read."
 * Anne Frank** was born on June 12, 1929 in Frankfurt am Main, Germany as the second daughter of Otto Frank and Edith Hollander Frank. Anne spent the first few years of her life in a mixed neighborhood of Christian and Jewish children, and spent many afternoons playing with her older sister, Margot. In March 1933, Adolf Hitler’s Nazi party was elected in Frankfurt, and anti-Semitic measures were put into effect immediately. Otto Frank, fearing for his family’s safety, began to __search__ for a __new__ __home__ in Amsterdam. Edith, Margot, and Anne __moved__ to Aachen, Germany to stay with their grandmother until Otto Frank secured a __new job__ and an __apartment__ in Amsterdam. Otto was joined by the rest of his family in February 1934. Anne began school and attended a Montessori school where she enjoyed reading and writing.

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Some videos provide __background__ and perspective to help explain who Anne Frank was and the world she lived in. Many of the videos are disturbing. You may wish to preview them before you show them to your class. Anne Frank timeline. Background on Anne Frank from birth (1:46 minutes) to her first diary entry (9:44minutes) Anne Frank Graphic Novel

1918 World War 1 1922 Hitler Youth __program__ (Hitler Youth - [|Dedication]) began 1929 The Crash of 1929 and worldwide effects 1933 How Hitler became the leader of Germany The Reichstag Fire 1934 1936 Lead up to Kristallnacht by the History Channel Part 1 1938
 * Hitler's early years, Hitler after Word War I
 * Nazi Propaganda, Nazi Propaganda in the Holocaust Museum, Nazi propaganda posters Caution: Includes posters offensive to the Jewish race
 * Great Depression
 * The Jewish Boycott
 * April 1934 Hanneli Goslar meets Anne in Kindergarten
 * June 30 Night Of The Long KnivesHow Hitler became a dictator
 * Japan and Italy, Preludes to World War II, __start__ at 7:50
 * November 7, Lead up to Kristallnacht 1937 to Grynszpan [|Part 2], Kristallnacht Part 3, Kristallnacht

1939 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945
 * September __1__, Germany invades Poland, WWII begins
 * Einsatzgruppen, mobile killing squads were used the first few years to kill Jews
 * June 22, Operation Barbarossa, The German-Russian War begins
 * Autumn, The gas chambers are first used in Auschwitz, Oprah Winfrey special with Elie Weisel
 * December 7, Pearl Harbor attacked,
 * Leadup to Battle of Midway, Pearl Harbor
 * February 19, 1942 Executive Order issued to intern Japanese-Americans, America propoganda to intern Japanese-Americans, Japanese-American Internment
 * April 9, Bataan Death March
 * June 12, 1942 Anne's First Diary Entry
 * Thursday, July 8, 1942 Introduction to the Annex and the Diary, The Franks prepare to leave their home for the Annex
 * Thursday, July 9, 1942 The Secret Annex (video from the Anne Frank Museum), Anne's diary entry describing the Annex. Annex
 * July 10, British and American forces invade Sicily, war on Italy after Sicilian invasion, Benito Mussolini biography
 * October, Buildup to War at El Alamein (Montgmery vs. Rommel before November battle)
 * Navajo Codetalkers
 * Kamikazes, Japanese and German
 * //Disney's Education For Death//, American war propaganda against Germany, banned cartoon
 * The Spirit of 43, Donald Duck, Taxes and the War, banned cartoon
 * Your a Sap, Mr. Jap, Popeye, banned cartoon
 * History of China, begin at 7:30
 * February 2, Germany surrenders at Stalingrad,Russia1940
 * May 10 Germany Attacks the Netherlands, Miep Gies talks about events prior to the German invasion
 * June 3, Zoot Suit Riots, Start at 12:40 for a couple of minutes and 31:47.
 * September 8, Italy surrenders
 * October, Danish resistance
 * December 3, "Orchestrated Hell" broadcast by Edwin Murrow, the broadcast helped Americans understand the war
 * January 4, The batttle for Monte Cassino begins
 * March 8, American Forces attacked by the Japanese on Hill 700 in Bougainville
 * March 16, The United States enters the Pacific Theatre
 * August 4 Miep Gies talking about finding Anne's diarystart at 4 minute mark
 * December 16, Battle of the Bulge - Hitler's Plan
 * The Forgotten Volunteers, The Indian army
 * How America changed during the war
 * African Americans and World War 2
 * The Last Days, Steven Spielberg and The Shoah Project presentation on The Holocaust (start at 52 minutes to see the horrors of the Holocaust)
 * January 17, Battle of the Bulge is over
 * January/February Hanneli Goslar talks To Anne at Bergen-Belsen Concentration Camp
 * Bergen-Belsen Concentration Camp
 * April Holocaust in color, includes background on the ghettos, Hitchcock Holocaust (begin at the 5 minute mark)
 * April 30,Hitler and his wife (Eva Braun) of 1 day commit suicide, start at 32 minutes
 * July 18 Otto is given the diary and informed that both Anne and Margot are dead. Otto Frank talking about July 18th
 * August 6, Atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima
 * Nagasaki rationale
 * Ho Chi Minh, Vietnamese independence

1959
 * The Diary of Anne Frank movie trailer

Nelson Mandela talks about Anne Frank